The Rhetorical Strategy of Identification

Growing up in a World where Chasing Money is what Matters

Growing up we never really find out what the future holds in store for us while we live in a world where chasing dreams is a luxury and money is all that matters in a one sided world. Growing up in a world where chasing money is all that matters by men whose pockets, turn to barrels filled riches and the men who chase happiness are fools. What’s the level of getting a hefty paying career if the ease of my life I reckon upon it in misery and discontentment. Doctor, Lawyer, working in a corporate position as a CEO maybe even a scientist. Directing is my love and the drive that will keep me going even though it wasnt always like that for years before my first taste of engineering, I was depressed, frightened, and lost I didnt know what I wanted to make out. I didnt know what to do, I feel unmotivated doing school work or work out, I arrived at a massive amount of weight before I received it I was failing high school while weighing 350 pounds. I started drama in my sophomore yea r of high school, I fell in love with theater it became a big part of my life I loved witnessing how a person can immerse themselves and become a different person, animal, or even a thing. I had found a new determination in life I wanted to become an actor I wanted to be the next new name in shining lights winning Oscars and academy awards, but as time went along I saw acting wasnt really my thing. I was an okay actor and I knew I wouldnt cook it in Hollywood as an actor. Depression sets in my lifeShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of The Poem The American Dream 1071 Words   |  5 Pagessuccessful by doing what you love. So my idea is supported by connecting to Sam Walton and Jay –Z profiles/interviews. The interview says no matter how hard you had it growing up, you can still conquer anything if you work hard enough and put your mind to it. This is the same as the visual image of the homeless person in the trunk this, tells the reader you can come from nothing and build and work towards your dreams and goals. My thesis is Jay –Z and Sam Walton has different views on what the AmericanRead MoreMy Dream Essay709 Words   |  3 Pages Growing up in Jersey City, life was harsh and difficult. Those difficulties transformed me into the person I am today. No one is more hardworking than my dad who worked an insane amount of hours almost everyday just so my brother and I can live a comfortable life. As a child I failed to understand the value of money and work ethic needed to become a billionaire. My dream was simple: make money, live on a beach, and not worry about a single thing. On April 26th, I missed school and visited my dad’sRead MoreChasing Halley s Comet : The Comet854 Words   |  4 PagesChasing Halley’s Comet Halley’s Comet crosses the Earth’s skies every 75 years. Samuel Clemens just so happened to be born following Halley’s comet, and in 1909, he predicted that he would go with Halley’s comet the next year. Clemens stated, â€Å"I came in with Halley’s Comet in 1835. Halley’s comet will be coming again next year, and I expect to go out with it† (Samuel Langhorne Clemens (Mark Twain) - Historic Missourians, n.d.). On April 21, 1910, one of the world’s most influential writers diedRead MoreThe One and The Only Jimmy Valvano Essay1015 Words   |  5 PagesThe One and The Only Jimmy Valvano â€Å"Never give up! Failure and rejection are only the first step to succeeding†. These were the words that the late Jimmy Valvano gave to his audience at the ESPY Awards on March 3rd 1993. The ESPY Awards are sponsored by ESPN each year for those recognized for their achievement in sports. Almost 21 years ago, â€Å"Jimmy V† as he was known gave his speech because he was not told to; rather, he gave his speech because he was qualified to influence a revolution. 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He has proven that with desire, drive, and dedication anyone can accomplish their greatest goals no matter their background. Eminem has suffered to get to where he is today. The theme of sufferingRead MoreFreedom And Family In My Antonia And The Underground Railroad1372 Words   |  6 Pageshave different ideas of just exactly what the American Dream is, they all know precisely what they want. For some, the American Dream sounds so enticing that they have traveled across the world to achieve their goal. They work hard to fit in and succeed, but, as in the case of Mr. Shimerda, are not always successful. One girl who was chasing the American Dream was Lena Lingard, a small farm girl from a poverty-stricken family. Lena had one thing on her mind, money. To her the American Dream was wealthRead MoreAl Capone: The King of Chicago Essay830 Words   |  4 Pages Chicago has always been known for its not so good reputation, but have you ever wondered where that reputation started. How guns, drugs, and prostitution came to be so closely associated with Chicago. Even the state Chicago resides in, Illinois, has been regarded as one of the most corrupt states in the country. All the things we have associate with Chicago were brought out be the famous gangster, Al Capone. Al Capone, whose life as a criminal began at a young age, made Chicago known for violenceRead MoreInnovation1610 Words   |  7 Pagesthe lifecycle of ideas to market closure. Savvy leaders shape the culture of their company to drive innovation. No one ever feels like they have time to spare. â€Å"People get so consume d with putting out fires and chasing short-term targets that most can’t even think about the future†. Giving up control when the pressure is greatest is the ultimate innovation paradox. That’s why iconic brands like 3M and Google give their employees about 10% free time to experiment with new ideas. The three companiesRead MoreEssay on Media Impacts and College Life1485 Words   |  6 Pagesfemale growing up in a media-crazed age, I am deeply troubled and affected by the medias support of the thin ideology. I am a classic example of the medias impact on females and the downward spiral of self-satisfaction. Being present in the center of college life, I am in the midst of the hormonal sea of students. Whether its at class or watching the sorority and fraternity kids run around during rush week, there is always chasing for approval between the sexes. A day doesnt go by where I dont

Availability of Medical Foods and Dietary †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Availability of Medical Foods and Dietary. Answer: Introduction: During early 1900s, Sir Archibald Garrod realised that the genetic disease in human results from certain enzymatic deficiency. The enzymatic deficiency results from the recessive traits which are inherited in a Mendelian manner. Such inherited human diseases are known as Inborn Error of Metabolism, the term coined by Sir Archibald Garrod. One of the first diseases that were studied under the banner of Inborn Errors of Metabolism is Alkaptonuria or Phenylketonuria (PKU) (Voet and Voet, 2012). Phenylketonuria is one of most studies disease under the domain of Inborn Errors of Metabolism. It is disease which occurs as a result of deficiency of an enzyme known as homogenetisate dioxygenase. Homogentisate dioxygenase is an important enzyme involved in the pathway of phenylalanine catabolism. Deficiency of the enzyme Homogentisate dioxygenase prevents the breakdown of homogenetic acid, an intermediate of the phenyl alanine catabolism pathway, to dissociate into Maleylacetoacetate. This un dissociated homogenetic acid or homogentisate gets excreted through urine. Urine with high concentration of homogenetic acid exhibit black colouration and hence the disease is also known as alkaptonuria (black) or phenylketonuria (since resulting out of faulty phenyl alanine catabolism) (Voet and Voet, 2012). Classic PKU results from the deficiency of phenylalanine hydroxylase (PAH). PAH is the first enzyme involved in the phenylalanine break down and it converts Phenylalanine into Tyrosine. Victims suffering from classic PKU have lighter skin and hair colour in comparison to their siblings. This is due to the fact that tyrosine hydroxylation, the first reaction involved in the pathway of black pigment skin formation (melanine) is inhibited by the elevated levels of phenylalanine (Voet and Voet, 2012). Serial Number Name of the Enzymes 1 Phenylalanine hydroxylase 2 Aminotransferase 3 Para hydroxy phenylpyruvate dioxygenase 4 Homogentisate dioxygenase 5 Maleylacetoacetate isomerase 6 Fumaryl acetoacetate Table: List of Enzymes Involved in Phenylalanine Degradation Source: Created by author Clinical Findings on Phenylketonuria Source Key Findings Brief Explanation (Voet and Voet, 2012) Black coloration of urine along with arthiritis The persons who are suffering from Alkaptoniria are known as Alkaptonurics. They suffer no ill effects. However, they encounter severe arthritis during the later stages of their life. Moreover, their urine darkening increases at an alarming rate because of the rapid oxidation of homogenetic acid excreted in urine under the contact of atmospheric oxygen. (Voet and Voet, 2012) Mental Retardation and Excess of Phenylalanine in blood Severe mental retardation occurs during few months after birth if the disease is not detected and treated immediately. PKU is an inability to hydroxylate phenylalanine. The patients who are suffering from PKU have increased levelof blood phenylalanine or a condition known as hyperphenylalaninemia. The excess of phenylalanine is transaminated to phenylpyruvate. This high concentration of phenylalanine in blood leads to brain dysfunction Prick, Hop and Duvekot, 2012 Phenylketonuria in pregnant mothers Untreated hyperphenylalaninemia or phenylketonuria during pregnancy may result in the generation of nonphenylketonuric offspring. However, neonatal sequelae, suffers from microcephaly (protruding of the forehead), intellectual disability and congenital heart disease (CHD). Microcephaly or facial dysmorphism is evident during the first trimester of pregnancy of women with high blood concentration of phenylalanine. A proper dietary supplement to control phenylalanine concentrations can prevent this unwanted outcome among the new born. Starting treatment before conception is one of the most recommended way to fight back against this sequelae condition. Ghaziuddin and Al-Owain, 2013 Phenylketonuria results in mental dysfunction Phenylketonuria results in mental dysfunction like autism. Autism is a special spectrum of mental disorder that is characterized by high rate of social communicative deficits with restricted interests. It is rare disease occurring in about only 1% of the total population.Apart from phenylketonuria, glucose-6posphate deficiency has also been found responsible for this disease. Glucose 6-phosphate deficiency is another disease that falls under the category of inborn errors of metabolism. de Groot et al., 2013 Phenylketonuria causes cognitive brain impairment Elevated blood concentration of phenylalanine (Phe) in phenylketonuria (PKU), are thought to impair the entire transportation pathway of large neutral amino acids (LNAAs) from blood stream to the neurons of the brain. This impairment is thought to underlie the complex cognitive deficits which are common in PKU. PKU also causes reduced cerebral protein synthesis thus leading to further mental impairment. Therapy and Treatment of this Disorder Infant screening technique due to the detection of high levels phenyl alanine in blood have led to the elucidation of the deficiency of the enzyme 5,6,7,8tetrahydrobiopetrin (BH4) and PAH co-factor. In such cases, patient are externally supplied with L-3,4-dihydroxyphenyalanine (L-DOPA) and 5-hydroxytryptophan. These are the metabolic precursor of the neurotransmitters like norepinephrine and serotonin. Since tryptophan hydroxylase and tyrosine hydroxylase, the PAH homologs that produce these psychological amines require BH4 as an important cofactor. But adding BH4 alone is not enough as BH4 is largely unstable and fail to cross the blood vein barrier, restricting the chances of effective treatment (Voet and Voet, 2012; Leuretet al., 2012). In most of the cases, where the patients suffers from PKU due to the deficiency of PAH enzyme, all the tyrosine breakdown enzymes are found within the normal limits. In such cases, the treatment involves, low phenyl alanine diet along with period monitoring of phenyl alanine in blood while ensuring that it remains within the normal level during first 5 to 10 years of life. The adverse effect of hyper phenylalanineinemia tends to disappear after that age. Protein like meat, fish, eggs and dairy products are excluded from the diet plan of PKU patients. The standard diet of PKU patient is rich in low protein natural food like fruits, vegetables and cereals. This type of special dietary regime provides low polysaturated fatty acids and cholesterols. Vitamins like folates, A, C, D, E and B2, B6, B12 along with carnitine taurine, iron, zinc, selenium, calcium, are deficient in the paediatric population suffering from PKU due to the low protein content in their diet. Thus, patients with PKU require long-term dietary counselling and daily external supplement of micronutrients (Giovannini at al., 2012; Campet al., 2012). Mental retardation of facaial malformation of the offsprings arising out of the phenylketonuric mother can be effectively prevented via maintaining the blood concentration of phenylalanine. The estimate range of phenylalanine must stay in between 120 to 300 micro mole per litre. Such restricted phenyl alanine range can only be obtained via providing the mother with phenylalanine restricted diet (Teissier et al., 2012). Problems with Curing of the Disease Providing dietary supplements and giving external supply of enzyme is the only way out in the pathway of treating inborn errors of metabolism like PKU. Since the problem lies in the genetic level (recessive faulty gene) complete cure of the disease via a directed therapeutic approach is not possible. The genetic back of the metabolic pathway remains the same. The only way out is to reduce the high concentration of phenylalanine in blood in order to fight back against mental retardation and other associated problems producing debilitating outcomes during childhood. Moreover, at time PKU is not directly expressed in the offspring but they show certain kind of mental retardation which is common with the parents who have a recessive gene for PKU. In that case, if the proper treatment of the expecting mother with low phenylalanine diet is the only way out to restrict the possible chances of disease manifestation in an indirect way (Hennermann et al., 2012). Metabolic pathways can be defined as a series of enzymatic reactions occurs in a sequence based manner to produce specific end products. The intermediates or the reactants which are produced in the middle of the enzymatic reaction are known as metabolites. Since the body of any organism like humans is an interconnected array of several metabolites such that it is body of human or rather say mammals has been biochemically designed with several metabolic pathways. Metabolism can further be sub divided into two separate pathways namely Catabolism and anabolism (Voet and Voet, 2012). Catabolism: Catabolism is known as the degradation pathway. In this pathway, the nutrients are broken down into is smaller constituents via exergonic process (evolution of energy) in order to salvage the components and to generate free energy (mostly ATP or Adenosine Triphosphate) (Voet and Voet, 2012). Anabolism: Anabolism on the other hand is defined as bio synthesis pathway. In this pathway, the biomolecules unite to give rise to the final completed product (Voet and Voet, 2012). The free energy which is released via the process of catabolism is utilised in the anabolism. The energy is conserved via the synthesis of ATP from ADP (Adenosine Diphosphate) and Phoshate molecule. At times energy synthesis also occurs via the synthesis of the coenzyme NADP+ (Nucleoside Adenosine DiPhosphate) or NADPH. Thus ATP and NADPH are the two major energy source available to aid the anabolic pathways (Voet and Voet, 2012). Metabolic pathways are characterized to be exergonic in nature (reserviour of large negative free energy) and irreversible. The irreversibility of the process means, each pathway once started must proceed up to its completion since free negative energy is spontaneous. Moreover, it the two metabolites are interconvertible, the pathways from the first step tp the second step must differ from the pathway from the second step to the back (towards the first step). This is due to the fact that metabolite 1 when converted into metabolite 2, it undergoes via exergonic process. But the conversion into metabolite 2 back to metabolite 1 requires that very supply of the free energy in order to carry the reaction against the hill. Every metabolic pathway has a first committed step, if the pathway pass through that committed step then it is bound to reach up to its end product. This is due to the fact that, although most metabolic pathways are reversible, the majority of their component reactions functions close to equilibrium. All metabolic pathways are regulated and in eukaryotes, each metabolic pathway occurs in specific cellular location (Voet and Voet, 2012). Organelle Function Mitochondria Amino Acid breakdown, electron transport chain, fatty acid oxidation, citric acid cycle Cytosol Glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, fatty acid biosynthesis Nucleus DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing Table: Cellular Location of Specific Metabolic Pathway Source: Created by author Metabolic Breakdown of Amino Acids The degradation of amino acids converts them into citric acid cycle intermediates or any other precursor products. While inside the citric acid cycle they are metabolised into carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) or is used in the process of gluconeogeneisis. The oxidative break down of the amino acids via the catabolic pathway amounts to about 10 to 15 percentage of the total metabolic energy generated by the animals (Voet and Voet, 2012). Glucogeneic amino acids whose carbon skeletons are degraded into pyruvate, alpha ketoglutarate, succinyl coA or oxaloacetate are therefore salvaged into glucose precursors. Ketogenic amino acids on the other hand, whose carbon skeletons are broken down into acetyl CoA or acetoacetate are converted into ketone bodies or fatty acids. For example, alanine, the simplest form of amino acids is glucongenic in nature. It is transaminated into pyruvate and can be further be converted into glucose via the process of gluconeogenesis. Leucine is a ketogenic amino acid. The carbon skeleton of leucine is converted into acetyl coA and acetoacetate. Since animals do not have any specific metabolic pathway to convert acetyl coA or acetoacetate into gluconeogenic precursor, no synthesis of carbohydrate is feasible from the breakdown of these two amino acids (lysine and luceine) and hence the are known as true ketogenic amino acids. Isoleucine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptofan and tyrosine are both glucogenic and ketogenic. For example, isoleucine is simultaneously broken down via the process of catabolism into succinyl coA and acetyl coA and hence can be regarded as a precursor of both carbohydrate and ketone bodies (Voet and Voet, 2012). References Camp, K.M., Lloyd-Puryear, M.A. and Huntington, K.L., 2012. Nutritional treatment for inborn errors of metabolism: indications, regulations, and availability of medical foods and dietary supplements using phenylketonuria as an example.Molecular genetics and metabolism,107(1), pp.3-9. Available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1096719212002612. [Accessed 30 Sept. 2017] de Groot, M.J., Hoeksma, M., Reijngoud, D.J., de Valk, H.W., Paans, A.M., Sauer, P.J. and van Spronsen, F.J., 2013. Phenylketonuria: reduced tyrosine brain influx relates to reduced cerebral protein synthesis.Orphanet journal of rare diseases,8(1), p.133. https://ojrd.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1750-1172-8-133[Accessed 30 Sept. 2017] Ghaziuddin, M. and Al-Owain, M., 2013. Autism spectrum disorders and inborn errors of metabolism: an update.Pediatric neurology,49(4), pp.232-236. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887899413003433 [Accessed 30 Sept. 2017] Giovannini, M., Verduci, E., Salvatici, E., Paci, S. and Riva, E., 2012. Phenylketonuria: nutritional advances and challenges.Nutrition metabolism,9(1), p.7. Available at https://nutritionandmetabolism.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1743-7075-9-7. [Accessed 30 Sept. 2017] Hennermann, J.B., Roloff, S., Gebauer, C., Vetter, B., von Arnim-Baas, A. and Mnch, E., 2012. Long-term treatment with tetrahydrobiopterin in phenylketonuria: treatment strategies and prediction of long-term responders.Molecular Genetics and Metabolism,107(3), pp.294-301. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1096719212003629 [Accessed 30 Sept. 2017] Leuret, O., Barth, M., Kuster, A., Eyer, D., De Parscau, L., Odent, S., Gilbert-Dussardier, B., Feillet, F. and Labarthe, F., 2012. Efficacy and safety of BH4 before the age of 4 years in patients with mild phenylketonuria.Journal of inherited metabolic disease,35(6), pp.975-981. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10545-012-9464-3[Accessed 30 Sept. 2017] Nelson, D.L., 2013. i Cox, MM" Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry"(2013). Prick, B.W., Hop, W.C. and Duvekot, J.J., 2012. Maternal phenylketonuria and hyperphenylalaninemia in pregnancy: pregnancy complications and neonatal sequelae in untreated and treated pregnancies.The American journal of clinical nutrition,95(2), pp.374-382. Available at https://ajcn.nutrition.org/content/95/2/374.short. [Accessed 30 Sept. 2017] Teissier, R., Nowak, E., Assoun, M., Mention, K., Cano, A., Fouilhoux, A., Feillet, F., Ogier, H., Oger, E., De Parscau, L. and AFDPHE (Association Franaise pour le Dpistage et la Prvention des Handicaps de lEnfant, 2012. Maternal phenylketonuria: low phenylalaninemia might increase the risk of intra uterine growth retardation.Journal of inherited metabolic disease,35(6), pp.993-999. Available at https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0887899413003433. [Accessed 30 Sept. 2017] Voet JG, Voet D. Donald E. Nicholson, 19162012. Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Education. 2012 Jul 1;40(4)

On The First Day Of November In 1755, Which Is Regarded As All Saints

On the first day of November in 1755, which is regarded as All Saints Day, in Lisbon, the capital city of Portugal, a pernicious earthquake struck the city and killed nearly fifteen thousand people. The survivors of this catastrophe began searching for an explanation of this event. Since this catastrophe occurred at the very time when Western thinkers were beginning to question the traditional idea that everything was an act of God and attempted to discover logical reasons for every event that occurred, it seemed there would be no one better to answer the survivors questions than enlightened intellectuals such as Voltaire, Diderot, Hume, and DHolbach. These philosophes typically believed that the earthquake was not an act of God. Several other respected figures of the eighteenth century expressed their ideas about the disaster, including a Roman Catholic priest, Gabriel Malagrida, a Jesuit, and John Wesley, who was an influential English Protestant leader. The ideas expressed in Mala gridas pamphlet (Doc.1) and Wesleys sermon (Doc. 2) can be conceived as old-fashioned when compared to those expressed by the philosophes. Malagrida and Wesley attempt to explain the earthquake by claiming it was an act of God against the sinful people, and do not use any scientific logic or reasoning whatsoever. In Gabriel Malagridas pamphlet, entitled An Opinion on the True Cause of the Earthquake, he condemns the people of Lisbon and claims that it was their sins that caused the earthquake. the cause of death of so many peopleand of the flamesare your abominable sins, (Doc. 1). He also deems it scandalous (Doc.1) to believe that the event was of natural causes. These ideas are not taken with surprise, since Malagrida was a devout Catholic Jesuit. The Catholic church was the leading opposition towards the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century. They were against any scientific discoveries and believed that everything was and always would be an act of God, and that logic and reasoning were heretic. These views are shown in Malagridas pamphlet, where he not only claims that it was not a natural event, but that it would be foolish to think that it was. Another deeply religious individual, John Wesley, also attempted to explain the event according to his religious views, in his sermon Some Serious Thoughts Occasioned by the Late Earthquake at Lisbon. Wesley also condemns the people of Lisbon (like Malagrida), and begins by citing examples of great losses of life up until the event occurred, and claimed that the earthquake was just like the others. He believes that God has begun to take vengeance upon the people for their sins, and states that the people of Lisbon are barbaric, which makes Lisbon the perfect place for God to strike. If so, it is not surprising, he should begin there, where so much blood has been poured on the ground like water!as well as barbarous manner, (Doc. 2) Wesley speaks of the blood in reference to the Portuguese Inquisition, an attempt by the Catholics to rid Portugal of heretics. He also states that if the people believe in God, then they should believe that the earthquake was an act of God. It is not surpr ising that Wesley believes that God meant for the event to happen, since he is a devout Protestant preacher, and was against the Catholic church and its reforms, but it is somewhat surprising that he feels this way towards the event since the Protestants in the eighteenth century were typically pro-science. In many ways, it is not surprising that the ideas expressed in the documents by Gabriel Malagrida and John Wesley, who were both deeply religious, conformed to the views of their respected religions at the time. Malagrida, a Jesuit, was against all forms of scientific reason and logic and believed everything was determined by God, and Wesley, a Protestant, was opposed to the Catholics and their Inquisition that occurred in Lisbon, and stated that God was taking his vengeance upon them.

Con Evaluation Instrument

Some say that there are pros and cons when it comes to the instruments used to evaluate a class room teacher. There is no perfect method used to evaluate a teacher. But the formative and summative evaluations are the best way to critique your teacher and give positive and negative feedback. I was able to obtain an observation form from my local school district. This was an example of a formative and summative evaluation. The form was broken up into four parts. They are as follows: Organizing Content Knowledge for Student learning, creating an Environment for Student Learning, Teaching for Student Learning and Teacher Professionalism. Most of these categories are very good. Only one needs some work. This evaluation form asked very good questions that can effectively evaluate a teacher. The first question was: Does the teacher articulate clear learning goals for the lesson that are appropriate for the students? This is crucial for students. Do they understand what is expected of them for that particular lesson? The goals should always be clear and concise and the teacher should be able to explain to the students what he/she expects of them. There were several other questions that were strong. Sections one, two and three all ask direct questions about the teacher and his/her jobs. These questions pin point the important things that go on in the classroom. The teachers’ actions in his/her classroom will be reflected positively and negatively within these questions. At the end of the form the teacher is allowed to comment on what he/she thinks about the evaluation. It is important to get feedback from the teacher that has been evaluated. They may provide explanations to why the behaved in such a manner when they were getting observed. Be it positive behaviors or negative behaviors. The last section of the evaluation: Teacher Professionalism needs to revise. This section contained four questions. Two questions ... Con Evaluation Instrument Free Essays on The Pro/Con Evaluation Instrument Some say that there are pros and cons when it comes to the instruments used to evaluate a class room teacher. There is no perfect method used to evaluate a teacher. But the formative and summative evaluations are the best way to critique your teacher and give positive and negative feedback. I was able to obtain an observation form from my local school district. This was an example of a formative and summative evaluation. The form was broken up into four parts. They are as follows: Organizing Content Knowledge for Student learning, creating an Environment for Student Learning, Teaching for Student Learning and Teacher Professionalism. Most of these categories are very good. Only one needs some work. This evaluation form asked very good questions that can effectively evaluate a teacher. The first question was: Does the teacher articulate clear learning goals for the lesson that are appropriate for the students? This is crucial for students. Do they understand what is expected of them for that particular lesson? The goals should always be clear and concise and the teacher should be able to explain to the students what he/she expects of them. There were several other questions that were strong. Sections one, two and three all ask direct questions about the teacher and his/her jobs. These questions pin point the important things that go on in the classroom. The teachers’ actions in his/her classroom will be reflected positively and negatively within these questions. At the end of the form the teacher is allowed to comment on what he/she thinks about the evaluation. It is important to get feedback from the teacher that has been evaluated. They may provide explanations to why the behaved in such a manner when they were getting observed. Be it positive behaviors or negative behaviors. The last section of the evaluation: Teacher Professionalism needs to revise. This section contained four questions. Two questions ...

Ferdinand Porsche essays

Ferdinand Porsche essays Ferdinand Porsche was born on September 3, 1875. Always interested in things mechanical, at the age of 15 he equipped his family's home with electricity, designing and building the generator and even the light bulb. The name Porsche first appeared on a car in 1900, the Lohner-Porsche, a battery-powered car that was first shown at the Paris Exhibition. In 1906 Porsche was hired by the Daimler Motor Co. as Technical Director, and eventually becoming the Chief Engineer. One of his Mercedes designs created for Daimler-Benz won the 1924 Targa Florio, and he built on this success to create the Mercedes-Benz S series of the late 1920s, cars which have been referred to as "street Porsche proposed a mass-produced Mercedes-Benz for the ordinary driver but was turned down by his employer, so he left the Daimler-Benz organization and started up on his own. The Volkswagen plan dates from this time, along with three aerodynamic versions built for racing.During World War II Porsche found himself working for hitler and building projects such as producing farm tractors. Hitler got porsche to build him the Kubelwagen, the Schwimwagen, and even a car that used wood as fuel to opperate in the war.But in 1946, when Porsche's son Ferry and daughter Louise Plech joined the firm, they returned to the goal of sports car design. The Porsche Type 356 went into production Porsche died in 1951, having seen the Porsche name on a sports car. ...

Organizations and Management Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Organizations and Management - Research Paper Example In addition to the basic four functions of management, managers strategize and control the activities within the organization. Each category of skills enables management in an organization to perform its primary function of ensuring internal activities are in alignment with the groups’ goals. The organizational goals targeted by the shareholders for the organization are the objectives management must design the work flow to accomplish. Management has the responsibility of ensuring the organizational goals are met and the directives of the executive leaders are executed. Management uses the organizational goals to design the work flow and identifies the skill sets needed to perform the tasks to accomplish the goals. Decision-making involves developing strategies that will achieve the group’s goals. Management has the responsibility of overseeing the internal systems and ensuring the processes within the various work units are in alignment with the organizational objectiv es. Planning coordinates the functions within the various departments and distributes resources effectively to produce the goods and services of the organization. As a function management organizes and coordinates the organization’s material, equipment, employees, schedules, and uses authority to ensure the activities within the internal environment are in alignment with the organizational goals. In the process of planning and organizing management recruits employees. Staffing or human resource management includes selection of workers, developing ongoing training programs, establishing, and maintaining an internal culture of cohesion in which the efforts and activity within the organization accomplish the group’s goals. Managers have the task of overseeing and controlling an operation’s processes to fulfill the organization’s strategic plans and goals. Whereas, leaders formulate or chart the direction in which an organization travels to reach specific goa ls, managers work to ensure the goals materialize using the resources available. Distinctly different, yet overlapping and dependent on the other, managers and leaders each have the responsibility of directing, guiding people, and implementing plans in efforts to accomplish strategic targets. 2. Explain the importance of history and theory to management, and highlight the pioneers of management theory: The study of the science of management is relatively young, however management has existed from ancient times The societal transition from that of an agrarian society to an industrialized one helped to create the need for knowledge of how to manage people in factory settings. Management theory evolved as a result of workers moving from farm communities into cities and working in offices and manufacturing plants. The ability to effectively coordinate workers’ efforts and efficiently use machinery was essential in keeping up with social change, progress, and consumers’ dem ands for products and services. The gradual development of systems of work has been one of the most significant factors that have prompted the need to understand the internal relationships within the organizational culture. The First Industrial Revolution (1712-1830) gave birth to the inventions of the steam engine, spinning jenny, and improvements to the machinery in general. Because of the steamboat and

Israeli Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) in Defence Research Proposal

Israeli Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) in Defence against Terrorism - Research Proposal Example As PMSCs provide specialized security that resembles the services of the military, the Israel government’s decision to outsource military functions to the private security company was condemned (Schooner & Swan, 2012). Many believed that such companies are often involved in grave violation of human rights and are not capable of combating lone terrorists who are becoming common in the present Israel state (Hammes, 2010). However, despite the presence of heavily armed police officers in places such as Tel Aviv and Jerusalem, attackers still manage to attack such places killing people in mosques, buses, and other congregational sites (Sommer, 2014). Most of these attackers are classified as Lone Wolves terrorists as they carry out extemporaneous attacks and have no noticeable group collaboration (Wallwork,  2005). Whereas Benjamin Netanyahu, the Prime Minister, has accused the political class of complicity through incitement, the security system admits that good intelligence is not sufficient in predicting the soft targets of Lone Wolves terrorists and the utilization of private security services would reinforce the efforts of the military (Tait, 2015). This research proposal has the aim of exploring the effectiveness of the PMSCs in curbing terrorism in Israel. What’s more, this comprehensive project will study how efficient PMSCs are in combating lone terrorism by delving into the nature of the lone terrorism attacks in Israel that have been combated through use of PMSCs services. In answering the questions, the research will be able to explicate the effectiveness of PMSCs in combating terrorism in Israel. Moreover, it will help in bolstering the efficacy and proficiency of PMSCs services in the war against terrorism as well as defining better alternatives of combating terrorism. In a research conducted by III (2008), 185 people were interviewed on the use of contracted militias in

Nolans The Dark Night Essay Example for Free

Nolans The Dark Night Essay How does Nolans the dark night use MELCS to good effect and what does this indicate regarding the films genre? Are there any social criticisms present? In this essay I will be explaining the way that different techniques are used, and what these show about the Dark Knight. I will be looking throughout the film at how Nolan uses various effects such as, colour, editing, lighting, camera, and sound. And how these things arent really what you might expect for the typical super hero film, but also how he uses them to subtlety criticize human nature. First of all I will talk about the colour used Nolan uses. Throughout the film the colour scheme always seems to be very dark but as well as this the things that are happening usually contrast this. A good example of this is at one point when the Joker is being questioned, all the lights go out and everything is pitch-black except the jokers white face. This is very effective as it really makes the joker stand out and means you can see every little detail of his face and facial expressions but dont know what else is happening in the room. It therefore creates a whole lot of suspense about whats going to happen next and where its going to come from whilst at the same time letting you see every detail of the jokers face and almost making you really understand what hes thinking. Another point in which this contrast is shown is in Bat-mans hide away place. In there the floor is a dark dull grey/black, and the ceiling is all white lights. This is good because it makes the room seem endless and gives anything in it airs of importance and cleanliness like trophy shelves that are lit from above like the room or a dentist. This is good because in the room he keeps all his high-tech gadgets witch seem incredibly expensive and valuable when they are in the room, but then when Bat-man is using them he acts as though they are something that are disposable. Another way Nolan uses colour is in the costumes. The Joker is an especially good example of this as he wears a purple jacket, green hair, Green top, and bright red giant red lips. This shows us a lot about his character for example, purple stands for royalty and the joker becomes almost like a king by making everyone scared of him. Secondly the green stands for jealousy, and the Joker is very good at making people feel jealous and spiteful about other people. As well as maybe feeling slightly jealous at not being normal, and being unhappy himself. Lastly the joker is just completely crazy, and all his colours clashing certainly do emphasize this. Overall it is a brilliant way of showing his character and showing how different he is to everyone. I mean, youd never miss him would you!? On the other hand the dark knight is completely the opposite of the Joker, and their clothing really shows this. As the knight is completely black it seems to show how he represents reality and order, but the joker stands for everything mad and chaotic as that is what he loves. As for the props Nolan uses, really they are quite simple. Even the high-tech gadgets batman uses all seem possible and there are no out of this world, impossible things. I think this is actually quite a good thing, as it means that it makes the whole play seem more realistic, and like something that could actually happen. Therefore it is all scarier in a slightly surreal way. Next I will look at how Nolan uses editing in the film and what effects this creates. When a lot of action is happening at the same time Nolan uses lots of quick shots of the action quickly cutting from one to the other. This is very clever as you think youre just about to find out whats going to happen when it cuts to the next scene which is also really tense and you want to know whats going to happen there but it goes back to the one before. This creates lots of tension in the film and it is a bit like its flashing from scene to scene like your heart beat getting faster and faster. It also gives the sense of chaos and panic and shows you how every thing is happening at the same time. This is good as it makes you realise how hard it must be for the cops and detectives. Another similar thing he does is when two people and talking to each other about something in which one of them might react in a certain way he will keep cutting from one face to the other as you wait for the reaction to happen. This also creates tension and makes you wonder if they will react the way you think their about or not, then when it does its more of a shock. The lighting in the film is another very important element in the film. I have already explained some of it in the colour part. As with the colour most of the film is set in dark, low key lighting, with lots of shadows creating a spooky kind of atmosphere. Once again though like the colour, often he uses contrast. A place where this is very effective is when some people are looking for Bat-man and it is very dark so they all have very bright torches. All you can see is the torch light getting closer and closer towards you but nothing out of the light. This makes it seem very scary as all you can do is wait until he is in the torch light but by that time you know it will already be too late because they are too close. Another scene in witch the lighting used is very effective is in the bank robbery scene. It is once again very dark in the bank, but because this time it is lighter outside, and the room has very big windows, you get some patches of the bank where it is much lighter. This is really good because he then makes it so that when the action happens, it happens in the lighter places. This means you can clearly see what is happening in the light when something happens out of it your attention is not so focused on it so it is a surprise. Also the dim light coming from just the one side of the building creates big long spooky shadows to, witch adds nicely to the tense atmosphere. Nolan also uses camera techniques in an interesting way to create good effects. For example right at the beginning of the play there is an extreme long shot of a sky scraper. This is then slowly zoomed in; right up to one window and into an extreme close-up, then the glass in the window suddenly shatters. Nolan uses this a lot in the film with other things too, like some one face that once zoomed in you see their shocked facial expression. This creates the element of surprise means you know that something is going to happen to do with what they are zooming in on but not what exactly until your right there. It also creates tension on what thats going to be. Another camera technique used is when something is happening the camera circles the action. This happens a lot and is good because it means you can see everything that is happening and all the reactions of people around it. In addition to this it can create serious tension and fear. A great example of this is when the Joker is about to slit the black mans mouth. The camera circles his head so that sometimes you can see his face with the knife in and sometimes just the back of his head and the Jokers facial expression. Every time the camera shows his face you wince and think, Oh no, is it going to happen now whilst I can see it. This happens over and over until eventually he slits his mouth when you can only see the Jokers expression but you know its been done because his face and its kind of a relief because at least you havent have had to watch. Lastly Nolan uses another successful effect by turning the camera around. He does this near the end when the Joker is hanging upside-down off a building. The camera is turned so that you see the Joker as if he was standing upright and it looks very strange as his hair is all over the place and his hand are waving about, but for some reason it kind of fits the Jokers. This is because the Jokers personality is all over and mad and it seems like that is where he belongs, in an upside-down world. Its slightly ironic really. Moreover, it made it seem like the right place, and way for him to die. Another method Nolan uses to brilliant effect is sound, digetic, and non digetic. For instance throughout the film, when ever tension is building up the same music starts. It sets of quietly and slowly, building up, getting faster and louder until the pinnacle of the excitement then stops. This is very effective as it creates the feeling of panic and makes your heart start to race as you know that somethings about to happen. Sometime when this happens the non digetic sound is on its own building up until its apex when a sudden digetic noise will puncture it. This not only makes tension but also shock and fear. A good example of this is at the beginning when a window breaks. This is a great opening scene as the sound and the camera skill create loads of tension and anticipation. Nolan does another very clever thing with the sound at one point. Just after a massive explosion has happened he cuts the sound altogether, and although you can tell that really there would be loads of noise going on its silent. This is because after an incredibly loud explosion you often become deaf for a while. This is a very clever thing to do, and makes you feel like you really are part of the film. Further more without the sound you concentrate more on what you can see and all the facial expressions and whatevers going on around. Another interesting point to think about in the dark knight is weather or not it is a normal film in the super hero genre. There are many things for and against this argument and I will look at them in this paragraph. First of all there is of course the super hero, and super villain, in this case, bat-man and the Joker. Both whom have very typical features of the super-hero genre but also some not so typical ones. To start with I will concentrate on Bat-man. Like most super heroes he is; quite wealthy, but has had a hard background and has had to build up that wealth from not very much. Is young and good looking with lots of strength and high tech gadgets. Has a different identity during the daytime, and fights crime at night, wearing a costume so no one knows who he is. Also, like a lot of super heros e.g. spider man he is based on some sort of animal. Lastly he has a very strong sense of right and wrong, for example his one rule never to kill anyone witch a lot of super heroes seem to have. On the other hand, although he seems to be a reasonably normal super hero, there are some things witch are slightly different. For example, a lot of the public dont particularly like him, at one point they even try to send him to jail. Also unlike most super heroes, he doesnt really have any sub natural powers, he just like a normal human in most ways. Also, a very big twist in the play is when the heroine dies, so like most super heroes bat-man does have heroine who he cant really have yet. But, whereas usually at the end of the play they would get together, In Bat-man, about half way through she dies. Now as for the joker, is a bit different. Although like most super villains he is bad and has had a hard life. His attitude to life and Bat-man is quite different. Unlike most super villains, he does not really seem to hate Bat-man. Instead he sees him as game, and even when he has the chance to kill him says he is too fun to kill. This is very unusual and very different to how the baddy usually feels towards the hero. Furthermore, the reasons for the Joker to do what he does is rather strange too, because most villains do it for money or wealth or power, but the Joker doesnt care about any of this, and just does it for fun. Overall I think that although The Dark Knight isnt exactly what you would expect from a typical super hero movie, all in all its more that than anything else. I think that really Nolan has taken the super hero genre and added aspects from other things like horror to create a very successful, far more adult movie which will appeal to people who love all the super hero kind of movies, but also to those who usually find them a bit too childish and unrealistic.

The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

A good novel has a number of themes. The following are important themes of The Great Gatsby. The corruption of the American dream, sight and insight, the meaning of the past, and the education of a young man. The American Dream was based on the assumption that each person, no matter what his origins, could succeed in life on the sole basis of his or her own skill and effort. The dream was embodied in the ideal of the self-made man, just as it was embodied in Fitzgerald's own family by his grandfather, P. F. McQuillan. The Great Gatsby is a novel about what happened to the American dream in the 1920s, a period when the old values that gave substance to the dream had been corrupted by the vulgar pursuit of wealth. The characters are Midwesterners who have come East in pursuit of this new dream of money, fame, success, glamour, and excitement. Tom and Daisy must have a huge house, a stable of polo ponies, and friends in Europe. Gatsby must have his enormous mansion before he can feel confident enough to try to win Daisy. The energy that might have gone into the pursuit of noble goals has been channeled into the pursuit of power and pleasure, and a very showy, but fundamentally empty form of success. The characters might be divided into three groups: 1. Nick, the observer and commentator, who sees what has gone wrong; 2. Gatsby, who lives the dream purely; and 3. Tom, Daisy, and Jordan, the "foul dust" who are the prime examples of the corruption of the dream. The primary images and symbols that Fitzgerald employs in developing the theme are: 1. the green light; 2. the eyes of Dr. T. J. Eckleburg; 3. the image of the East and Midwest; 4. Owl Eyes; 5. Dan Cody's yacht; and 6. religious terms such as grail and incarnation. Both the character groupings and the images and symbols suggest a second major theme that we can call "sight and insight." As you read the novel, you will come across many images of blindness; is this because hardly anyone seems to see what is really going on? The characters have little self-knowledge and even less knowledge of each other. Even Gatsby- we might say, especially Gatsby- lacks the insight to understand what is happening. He never truly sees either Daisy or himself, so blinded is he by his dream. The only characters who see, in the sense of "understand," are Nick and Owl Eyes. The ever present eyes of Dr. Eckleburg seem to reinforce the theme that there is no all-seeing presence in the

Midterm Exam 9th Grade Palestine

U. N. R. W. A Date: 8th Nov. 2012 Department of Education Time: Name:†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Midterm English language test Grade: 9th Reading Around the world, people also found natural ways to shelter from the weather. In cold regions, traditional houses were often low with thick walls and small windows that faced away from the direction of storms. In the hot rainforests of South-East Asia, people built their homes above the ground and high on hills to catch every cool wind. In the hot, dry Middle East, traditional courtyard houses did something similar.Their thick, white walls reflected the sun’s heat and kept everything inside cool. The height of these walls also provided cool shade in the courtyard all day. During the last 100 years, most people have stopped living in traditional houses with their old ways of protecting against the weather. Now, we heat and cool our modern brick and concrete houses and apartments with electricity, oil and g as. Read and answer the following questions 1. What has changed during the last 100 years? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 2. How are homes built in the middle east? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 3. What are the materials used in building modern houses? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 4. From the text find the opposite of: Cold: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. Modern: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ ]1[ Low: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 5. The underlined pronoun their line 7 refers to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ 6. T or F 1) Traditional houses in cold places were often built with high and thick walls. ( ) 2) White walls does not reflect the sun's heat. ( ) Vocabulary Complete the following sentences using words from the list Shade Excuse me mud port whole hurry bookcase remember forget in time ) Sandy: I must †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to take my guidebook. Muna: And don't †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ to take your Turkish phrase book. 2) The old man sat in the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ of the wall. 3) The Masai people used †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. in building their houses. 4) We should †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. because we are late. 5) He got to the meeting just †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 6) Constantinople is a ver y important †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. for Turkey. 7) Sara cleaned the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ house yesterday. 8) †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, can you take a photograph of me and my friend? 9) I'm going to buy a new †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ next week. Grammar I. Complete the sentences with correct forms of the verbs between brackets 1- Arabs †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.Spain 500 years ago. (occupy) 2- Salim usually †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦(put) on black shoes but now she (wear)†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ white trainers. 3- Water †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. of hydrogen and oxygen. (consist) ]2[ 4- I †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. a new car three days ago. (buy) 5- She †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ that movie. (already, see) 6- We †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. two tests so far this semester. (have) 7- Lamis used to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. a lot when she was young. (cry) II. Choose the correct answer 1- I'm going to buy ( a – an – the ) umbrella. 2- Lamis used to ( cry – cries – cried ) a lot when she was young. 3- Suha still ( hasn’t – has – have ) cleaned the room. Listening a) Listen and answer – Where is the flight taking off to? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. 2- How many hours is the flight? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 3- what is the flight number? †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. b) T o r F 1- The plan will fly at a height of 7839 meters. () 2- The local time in Seattle is 11:45. () c) A word that means commander †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Speaking Complete the following dialogue London For five days 11 I would like fish suitcase smaller Officer: Passport and ticket, please. Sam: Here is my passport, and my ticket. Officer: Where are you heading today? Sam: I am going to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. for a conference. Officer: How long will you be staying?Sam: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. ]3[ gate B Officer: Thank you. How many bags are you bringing today, sir? Sam: I want to check the large †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. , and I want to carry the †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦one on with me. Officer: What do you want for your meal? Chicken or fish? Sam: †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦, please. Officer: Good. Your seat is reserved. You can go to †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Officer: Thank you. Goodbye. Writing Number the sentences in the correct order and write as a paragraph ___ From here, turn south and walk to the famous Blue Mosque. ___ Inside, be sure to look at the wonderful blue tiles that give the place its name. __ The centre of Sultanahmet Park is a good place to start your tour of ancient Istanbul. ___ When you leave, go back across the gardens, past your star ting point, to a much older building, Aya Sofya. ___ As you go, look up at the many domes and the six tall minarets of this famous example of Islamic architecture. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â ‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦ Good luck ]4[Captain: Hello everyone, this is the captain speaking, and I want to welcome you to Flight 18 for Seattle. Our flight time today is 2 hours and 14 minutes, and we will be flying at an average height of 8 839. 2 meters. The local time in Seattle is a quarter to twelve (11:45), and the current weather is sunny, but there is a chance of rain later in the day. We will be arriving at Gate 13 at Seattle airport. On behalf of Sky Airlines and the crew, I want to wish you an enjoyable stay in the Seattle area or at your final destination. Sit back and enjoy the flight.

Personality Assessment Instruments Essay

Personality Assessment instruments are comprised of theories and techniques to measure an individual’s personality traits. The traditional psychoanalytical theories provide a framework for understanding negative behavior as well as concepts that predict future behavioral outcomes. Because of the possibility of predictive personality traits, career counselors and organizations have used personality assessment instruments to screen possible employers for qualification. In addition, personality assessment instrument have also been used to detect disordered personalities or other unresolved issues that cause negative behavior patterns in an individual. In this paper I will discuss three Personality Assessment Instruments widely used in measuring an individual’s personality; Myer-Briggs Type Indicator, Rorschach Inkblot Test and self help books. I will discuss the validity, comprehensiveness, applicability and cultural utility of these personality assessments in also examine the strengths and weaknesses of why some work and some do not. The strength and weaknesses of each personality assessment instrument is key in understanding which instrument is â€Å"appropriate† to use. Myer-Briggs Type Indicator Largely based on Carl Jung’s Theory of Personality, The Myer-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) was created by Katherine Cook Briggs and Isabel Briggs Myer, during WWII to evaluate personality types to know where to place women entering the industrial workforce. The MBTI would assess women for jobs they were best qualified for. Seeing how successful the MBTI was in placing women in the workforce, today it is still used as an assessment instrument by career counselors and organizations for team building (McCaulley, 2000). The MBTI is a self-report, forced-choice questionnaire. The letters represent the respective personality types which have 16 unique possible outcomes. The test has about 100 questions with only two choices to pick from. MBTI divides an individual’s personality into four areas (McCaulley, 2000); 1. Extraversion (E) or Introversion (I) . Sensing (S) or intuition (N) 3. Thinking (T) or feeling (F) 4. Judging (J) or perceiving (P) This scale is an important factor in determining the dominant, auxiliary, tertiary and inferior behaviors of the individual (McCaulley, 2000). Each individual is measured by the four-letter type formula. Each group of letters reveals the dominant function of the individual and followed by the auxiliary. Each of the 16 combination of letters explains the person’s personality and what area they best function in. Rorschach Inkblot Test Hermann Rorschach, Swiss psychiatrist, created ill-defined designs on paper using ink. After much trial and error, Rorschach settled on 10 inkblot cards used to show to patients and illicit a response. It was determined that different patients in a particular psychiatric group gave different responses. The test was created to understand the mind of an individual. During the assessment, the patient is shown a card and is expected to explain the thoughts that come to mind when analyzing the card (Cervone, 2010). The test-giver waits to see the type of response that comes from the patient. And the question of how the patient responds or perceives the inkblot determines the type of personality the patient may have. If the patient’s response matches the inkblot structure’s intended meaning, then the patient’s thoughts are geared towards their reality. If the patient’s response does not correspond with the inkblot then the patient is perceived to have a dysfunctional personality. Self-Help Books Widely popular, Self-help books are a great way for a person to understand psychological disorders and possible treatments. There are a variety of books written by scholars and psychologist who have done extensive work in their area of expertise. Many people who are skeptical about going to therapy choose self-help books as a way to self-administer treatment (Redding et. al, 2008). The problem people face when relying on these books for help is that there is no discussion to make sure that the person understands what they are reading. Also, the books cannot assess the person to see if they can help the person like the MBTI and Rorschach Inkblot do. There is no way to measure if the specific book can help the person. Personality Assessments: from Theory to Practice In this next section I will examine the validity, comprehensiveness, applicability and cultural utility. Throughout my research I have discovered that some critics have argued that each of these personality assessment instruments have weaknesses that do not support what it claims to produce. Others critics have shown the strengths’ in these widely used personality assessment to be applied in various cultures that have shown consistent scoring. Validity One of the most widely used personality assessment instruments is self-help books. They are easily accessible by most people seeking to resolve psychological issues. However, it is difficult to say if what the writer proposes to be a solution works effectively for the reader (Redding et. al. , 2008). The problem with the validity of self-help books is that not all are written by professional psychologist. Often people are faced with serious psychological disorders that they wish to resolve on their own as opposed to therapy (Redding et. l, 2008). Another issue with self-help books is that they do not test people to see if they have applied the information coming from the book to the area in their life where they face challenges nor can it pinpoint the exact disorder a person is dealing with. I would have to say that the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator holds the most validity out of the three personality assessment instruments and is the most favored. The MBTI has been tested and based on the 16 different possible personality types most people have fallen under one of the combinations. The MBTI follows the theory of personality traits by Carl Jung. Jung’s theory distinguishes two dichotomous pairs of cognitive behavior: extraversion and introversion (McCaulley, 2008). The MBTI has been shown to be successful in determining an individual’s personality that fits a specific career or in organizing groups for team building. On the other hand, when a person has been assessed using the Rorschach inkblot test, disordered personality can be revealed thru extensive testing. The validity of the Rorschach inkblot test as but argued that there is a bias in the testing because Hermann Rorschach’s training was in psychoanalytical theories. Another problem that arises with the Rorschach in examining its validity is the scoring of the test. Many of the scorers give a higher score to the test taker if their response matches those of previous scorers (Sendin, 2010). Comprehensiveness Self-help books focus on an areas in an individual’s life such as alcohol addictions, Attention Deficit Disorder, How to deal with a Break-Up. And while the books can be informative the theory behind the solution must be examined. Most self-help books are written in the opinion of the author writing the book. Some of these opinions may not be in accord with the reader’s background so it is difficult to say if the reader is able to comprehend what the author is conveying (Redding et. al, 2008). It also depends only what the reader is looking for. If the reader is open to alternative solutions as opposed to traditional one then the book will help but because a person is not tested on the self-help books they are reading it is hard to determine how comprehensive the book is. MBTI has 16 possible personality types that this world-wide instrument uses to address issues faced by individuals, groups and family counseling that are challenged with communication, career planning, learning and life -long development (McCaulley, 2000). When assessing an individual’s personality not only is this helpful in career counseling but also when determining why individuals or family members are having communication problems. Applicability Self-help books can be easy to understand. Some of the methods are broken down in simple steps that anyone can apply. However, if one wants to assess the type of personality that can handle a certain job the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator is more appropriate to use. This assessment instrument has been used by career counselors and employers to match individuals to specific studies or industries (McCaulley, 2008). I would not recommend using the Myer-Briggs Type Indicator when assessing an individual’s personality for disorders. The Rorschach Inkblot has been a successful instrument in examining the mind of a person (Cervone, 2010). However, the Rorschach inkblot was constructed according to Hermann Rorschach’s training in psychoanalytical theory. Cultural Utility Each culture is made of its own belief system and traditions. What applies in one culture may not necessarily apply in another. Some assessments can be used in most cultures and give the same results across the board. However, not all cultures will accept the theories behind the assessment. The issues that I have noticed in researching the MBTI and Rorschach Inkblot test is that in applying to different cultures there has been challenges faced by psychologist. For one, psychologists have not had extensive training in cultural diversity. Nor have they had training in language. Most ethnic low income groups have had poor health service in which there has been a misdiagnosis due to language barrier (Dana, 2000). Also to consider are groups who come from another country and have different views on the mental health system. For example, in administering the MBTI and Rorschach Inkblot test to Russian Jews challenges are faced because of their cultural belief. Russian Jews are highly suspicious of mental health professionals and find it difficult to believe that community health agencies do not have ties to the government (Dana, 200). As a result, they deny any mental health issues. The fear that exists with Russian Jews is because of the way they saw the Soviet Government force people to commit to a mental health institute (Dana, 2000). Consequently, self help books have been successful in reaching a mass audience because books have been published in various languages. Conclusion As you can see Personality Assessment Instruments have been very useful in helping to examine an individual’s personality for career choices, in team building and examining a disorder. However, specialist have has revealed their weaknesses and show that these instruments cannot be applied in any situation without further investigation. Each personality assessment instrument is unique with it’s own characters. In order to be able to better serve the mental health industry only a particular assessment can be used for a specific analysis.

Limitation of Ratio Analysis Essays

Limitation of Ratio Analysis Essays Limitation of Ratio Analysis Essay Limitation of Ratio Analysis Essay Restriction of Ratio Analysis Learning Objective Explain to the participants on the restriction of ratio analysis. Important Footings Creative accounting. Accounting Policies. As we have alredy discussed, it is of import to compare in order to be able to analyze and to be able to notice and later urge in order that a concern is every bit efficient as possible. Restrictions of Ratios Accounting Information Different Accounting Policies The picks of accounting policies may falsify inter company comparings. Example IAS 16 allows rating of assets to be based on either revalued sum or at depreciated historical cost. The concern may choose non to appreciate its plus because by making so the depreciation charge is traveling to be high and will ensue in lower net income. Creative accounting The concerns apply originative accounting in seeking to demo the better fiscal public presentation or place which can be misdirecting to the users of fiscal accounting. Like the IAS 16 mentioned above, requires that if an plus is revalued and there is a reappraisal shortage, it has to be charged as an disbursal in income statement, but if it consequences in reappraisal excess the excess should be credited to revaluation modesty. So in order to better on its profitableness degree the company may choose in its reappraisal programme to appreciate merely those assets which will ensue in reappraisal excess go forthing those with reappraisal shortages still at depreciated historical cost. Information jobs Ratios are non unequivocal steps Ratios need to be interpreted carefully. They can supply hints to the company s public presentation or fiscal state of affairs. But on their ain, they can non demo whether public presentation is good or bad. Ratios require some quantitative information for an informed analysis to be made. Outdated information in fiscal statement The figures in a set of histories are likely to be at least several months out of day of the month, and so might non give a proper indicant of the company s current fiscal place. Historical costs non suited for determination devising IASB Conceptual model recommends concerns to utilize historical cost of accounting. Where historical cost convention is used, plus ratings in the balance sheet could be misdirecting. Ratios based on this information will non be really utile for determination devising. Fiscal statements certain summarised information Ratios are based on fiscal statements which are sum-ups of the accounting records. Through the summarization some of import information may be left out which could hold been of relevancy to the users of histories. The ratios are based on the summarised twelvemonth terminal information which may non be a true contemplation of the overall twelvemonth s consequences. Interpretation of the ratio It is hard to generalize about whether a peculiar ratio is good or bad . For illustration a high current ratio may bespeak a strong liquidness place, which is good or inordinate hard currency which is bad. Similarly Non current assets turnover ratio may denote either a house that uses its assets expeditiously or one that is under capitalised and can non afford to purchase adequate assets. Comparison of public presentation over clip Monetary value alterations Inflation renders comparings of consequences over clip misleading as fiscal figures will non be within the same degrees of buying power. Changes in consequences over clip may demo as if the endeavor has improved its public presentation and place when in fact after seting for inflationary alterations it will demo the different image. Technology alterations When comparing public presentation over clip, there is demand to see the alterations in engineering. The motion in public presentation should be in line with the alterations in engineering. For ratios to be more meaningful the endeavor should compare its consequences with another of the same degree of engineering as this will be a good footing measuring of efficiency. Changes in Accounting policy Changes in accounting policy may impact the comparing of consequences between different accounting old ages as misleading. The job with this state of affairs is that the managers may be able to pull strings the consequences through the alterations in accounting policy. This would be done to avoid the effects of an old accounting policy or derive the effects of a new one. It is likely to be done in a sensitive period, possibly when the concern s net incomes are low. Changes in Accounting criterion Accounting criterions offers standard ways of recognising, mensurating and showing fiscal minutess. Any alteration in criterions will impact the coverage of an endeavor and its comparing of consequences over a figure of old ages. Impact of seasons on trading As stated above, the fiscal statements are based on twelvemonth terminal consequences which may non be true contemplation of consequences twelvemonth unit of ammunition. Businesss which are affected by seasons can take the best clip to bring forth fiscal statements so as to demo better consequences. For illustration, a baccy turning company will be able to demo good consequences if histories are produced in the merchandising season. This clip the concern will hold good stock list degrees, receivables and bank balances will be at its highest. While as in seting seasons the company will hold a batch of liabilities through the purchase of farm inputs, low hard currency balances and even nil receivables. Inter-firm comparing Different fiscal and concern hazard profile No two companies are the same, even when they are rivals in the same industry or market. Using ratios to compare one company with another could supply misdirecting information. Businesss may be within the same industry but holding different fiscal and concern hazard. One company may be able to obtain bank loans at reduced rates and may demo high geartrain degrees while as another may non be successful in obtaining inexpensive rates and it may demo that it is runing at low pitching degree. To un informed analyst he may experience like company two is better when in fact its low geartrain degree is because it can non be able to procure farther support. Different capital constructions and size Companies may hold different capital constructions and to do comparing of public presentation when 1 is all equity financed and another is a geared company it may non be a good analysis. Impact of Government influence Selective application of authorities inducements to assorted companies may besides falsify intercompany comparing. One company may be given a revenue enhancement vacation while the other within the same line of concern non, comparing the public presentation of these two endeavors may be misdirecting. Window dressing These are techniques applied by an entity in order to demo a strong fiscal place. For illustration, MZ Trucking can borrow on a two twelvemonth footing, K10 Million on 28th December 2003, keeping the returns as hard currency, so pay off the loan in front of clip on 3rd January 2004. This can better the current and speedy ratios and do the 2003 balance sheet expression good. However the betterment was purely window dressing as a hebdomad subsequently the balance sheet is at its old place. Ratio analysis is utile, but analysts should be cognizant of these jobs and do accommodations as necessary. Ratios analysis conducted in a mechanical, unreflective mode is unsafe, but if used intelligently and with good opinion, it can supply utile penetrations into the house s operations.

Population Growth and Movement in the Industrial Revolution

Population Growth and Movement in the Industrial Revolution During the first Industrial Revolution, Britain experienced massive changes- scientific discoveries, expanding gross national product, new technologies, and new buildings and structure types. At the same time, the population changed- it grew in number, became more urbanized, healthier, and better-educated. There is evidence for some in-migration of the population from the rural areas and foreign countries as the Industrial Revolution got underway. But, while the growth was certainly a contributing factor in the revolution, providing the vast industrial expansion a workforce it urgently needed, the revolution also worked to increase urban populations too. Higher wages and better diets brought people together to meld into new urban cultures. Population Growth Historical studies indicate that between 1700 and 1750, the population of England stayed relatively flat, with little growth. Precise figures dont exist for the period before the establishment of a nationwide census, but it is clear from existing historic records that Britain experienced a demographic explosion in the latter half of the century. Some estimates suggest that between 1750 and 1850, the population in England more than doubled. Given that the population growth occurred when England experienced the first industrial revolution, the two are likely connected. People did relocate from the rural regions into large cities to be closer to their new factory workplaces, but studies have ruled out sheer immigration as the largest factor. The population increase came from internal factors, such as changes in marriage age, improvements in health allowing more children to live, and an increase in the number of births. More and Younger Marriages In the first half of the 18th century, Britons had a relatively late age of marriage compared to the rest of Europe, and a large percentage of people never married at all. But suddenly, the average age of people marrying for the first time fell, as did the rates of people never marrying, which ultimately led to more children. The birth rate in Britain also rose to out-of-wedlock births. As young people moved into the cities, they met more people and increased their chances of matches over sparsely populated rural areas. Although estimates of the precise percentage of real term wage increase vary, scholars agree that it rose as a result of growing economic prosperity, allowing people to feel comfortable starting families. Falling Death Rates Over the period of the industrial revolution, the death rates in Britain began to fall and people began to live longer. This might be surprising given that the newly crowded cities were rife for disease and illness, with an urban death rate higher than the rural areas, but overall health improvements and a better diet (from improved food production and wages to buy it) offset that. The rise in live births and drop in death rate has been attributed to a number of factors, including the end of the plague (this happened too many years before), or that the climate was altering, or that hospitals and medical technology had made advances such as smallpox vaccines. But today, the increase in marriage and birth rates is held to be the main reason for the sheer growth in population numbers. Spreading Urbanization Technological and scientific developments meant industries were able to build factories outside of London, and so multiple cities in England became increasingly larger, creating urban environments in smaller centers, where people went to work in factories and other mass places of work. The population of London doubled in the 50 years from 1801 to 1851, and at the same time, the populations in the towns and cities across the nation blossomed as well. These areas were frequently bad as the expansion happened so quickly and people were crammed together into tiny living spaces, with dirt and disease, but they were not poor enough to stop the lengthening of the average lifespan. It was the industrial revolutions population movement which began the era of the urban population, but the continued growth within the urban environments can be more justifiably credited to birth and marriage rates within those environments. After this period, the relatively small cities were no longer relatively small. Now Britain was filled with many huge cities producing enormous quantities of industrial products, products and a way of life soon to be exported to Europe and the world. Sources Clark, Gregory. Chapter 5 - the Industrial Revolution. Handbook of Economic Growth. Eds. Aghion, Philippe, and Steven N. Durlauf. Vol. 2: Elsevier, 2014. 217-62. Print.de Vries, Jan. The Industrial Revolution and the Industrious Revolution. The Journal of Economic History 54.2 (2009): 249–70. Print.Feinstein, Charles H. Pessimism Perpetuated: Real Wages and the Standard of Living in Britain During and after the Industrial Revolution. The Journal of Economic History 58.3 (2009): 625–58. Print.Goldstone, Jack A. Efflorescences and Economic Growth in World History: Rethinking the Rise of the West and the Industrial Revolution. Journal of World History 13.2 (2002): 323–89. Print.Kelly, Morgan, Joel Mokyr, and Cormac Ó Grda. Precocious Albion: A New Interpretation of the British Industrial Revolution. Annual Review of Economics 6.1 (2014): 363–89. Print.Wrigley, E. A. Energy and the English Industrial Revolution. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Soci ety A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 371.1986 (2013). Print. Wrigley, E. A, and Roger Schofield. The Population History of England 1541–1871. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1989. Print.

Career Progress Initiating, Inspiring, Leading Essay

Career Progress Initiating, Inspiring, Leading - Essay Example When I worked as an engineer at Intel from 2001 to 2004, I inspired my mediocre team into a top unit, by initiating an out-of-the-box thinking environment that resulted in over 30 technical innovations in just 1 year. I followed up this innovation culture by leading a cross-departmental platform where engineers from across the company could contribute and share a think tank of ideas that solved several long-running problems of many a unit. I learnt that inspiring others to achieve their dreams is a wonderful achievement in itself. I also learnt that taking initiative to lead a change process is well worth the risk of failure. The team of engineers that I led published ten articles on the prestigious Intel Disclosure Forum in one year - a record by far. From 2004 to 2007, I worked as a business consultant at Accenture, in charge of setting up the billion-dollar industry giant's operations in China. It was a daunting task to apply the best practices of the company in the traditional Chinese environment. I found my way around the problem in two ways. Customizing these practices to best suit the local needs, and innovating new ideas that helped the client learn and adopt them. I learned to interact with the top management and the employees of several Chinese companies to make them familiar of the changing business realities and inspiring them to embrace new ideas. This consulting experience gave me tremendous insight into different businesses, managerial philosophies, operational styles and global perspectives. I also got to learn how to communicate with top executives and persuade them to see my point of view. My Candidacy Since I worked as tennis coach I have always dreamed of building a tennis school of my own. Since I applied last time at Wharton my life has been very eventful. I have gone ahead and implemented my dream to some extent. I have been making plans and accumulating a small fortune on my own for my school all this time and things finally fell into place early this year. A high school was on sale in the neighborhood and I decided to buy this school and transform it into to a sports school. This sudden turn of events has caught me unawares on several skills of entrepreneurship that I had no idea about. First, I learnt how to write a business plan and persuade others to invest in it. I raised money from eleven colleagues in Intel and Accenture and four alumni. They became my founding shareholders. Secondly, I learnt the psychological side of managing people. It took a lot of efforts to make the former management team of the school to understand my ideas and to keep them from quitting. Third, I learnt about marketing & sales, a function that I had never touched before. This entrepreneurship experience has given me tremendous confidence in myself and hands-on experience in setting-up and running a business from the scratch. I feel, I am better equipped to understand the latest theories and practices of the business world than last year. I am also more focused in my approach to studies, with a well etched out career plan. Career Goals Based on the current business, I set my short-term career goal to build a brand name for this sports education venture by associating it with famous athletes, pioneering education philosophies, and sponsoring local sports events. I want to

The Atlantic Economys Contribution to the Industrial Revolution Essay

The Atlantic Economys Contribution to the Industrial Revolution - Essay Example In addition, the bullion trade with the Americas created a concentration of capital that allowed for the economies of scale required for the promotion of the specialization of labor and large-scale investments. While all these components contributed to the Industrial Revolution, they were in fact small contributions that hastened and enforced the Revolution, but were not the primary cause. Transportation was instrumental in stimulating trade in the centuries before the Industrial Revolution, but may of made only small contributions to the overall economy. Bristol, during the 17th century was the central hub for the voyage to the Americas. While by 1630 there were relatively few vessels making the trans-Atlantic crossing to the American plantations, by the turn of the 18th century this number would swell to over half of the vessels leaving the port (Sacks). These ships were bound for Virginia, the West Indies, or Newfoundland, and by 1700 commercial American sugar and tobacco had become a trading staple (Sacks). Certainly trade was important for Britain during this period for raw materials as well as exports of goods to the slave driven plantation system. However, even as late as 1790, after the Industrial Revolution was well under way, the Americas only accounted for 18% of European exports, while exports to Africa to support the slave trade amounted to only 1% (O'Bri en, 4). The real growth in trade would not take place until the 1840s when Clipper Ships were able to make more voyages and handle more fragile cargo (Jones). Trade and transportation to the Americas may have contributed to the growing export market, but was not a major cause for the Industrial Revolution. While the export market had only a marginal effect, the importation of agricultural products may have been even less significant. The agricultural processes necessary to support a growing urban population had been in effect well before the discovery of the Americas. In addition, raw materials needed to sustain long-term production and growth were already available in Europe. According to O'Brien, sugar and cotton had been transplanted to Italy, Iberia, and Southern France prior to 1492 (11). The introduction of maize from the Americas would have no substantial impact on the English diet until the middle 19th century after the Industrial Revolution had been under way for some decades (O'Brien, 11). More important to the Industrial Revolution than raw materials was the mercantilist system of protections and the reservation of the final processing into finished goods (Darity, 165). This assured that capital would continue to flow into Europe. Raw materials and the foodstuffs necessary t o sustain the factory system and an exploding population were all available outside the Atlantic economy well before the Industrial Revolution. The formulation of the Industrial Revolution demanded a ready supply of capital for investment. Bullion from the Americas created a hard international currency, but it was not been instrumental in developing concentrated capital. The large-scale introduction of precious metals from the Americas resulted in a high rate of inflation. This

Human Geography Oxford City Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Human Geography Oxford City - Essay Example Tourist and other visitors do their shopping at Covered Market; it is one among the several historic centers in Oxford. The tower has been locating in a strategic place in relation to the landscape of the land and the same applies to St. Mary's the Virgin University Church. The architectures of the time were very considerate in designing view points which are currently being used as centers of interest yet they were built hundred of years back. Below is an aerial view of High Street.Oxford City is ever green; the local government has worked hard to conserve the environment by designing nature walks and parks within the ring road. Nature reserves are over 28 in number both within the City and outside. Some of the major parks are South Parks, University Parks, Rock edge reserves, Shotover Reserve. These show how the citizens of the City together with the City governance have worked hard to maintain the natural environment. Any one tempting to tamper with the natural environment faces h igh charges to be a lesson to others. Here is a photo of the green City. In reference to human geography, Oxford city is a city that has considered it in a great way. The design of the City, as well as the activity that takes place within the City, are all admirable, it can critically be used by scholars to define the meaning of human geography because there are a couple of practical example to the subject. This branch of social science is complicated and without examples, it would be difficult for students to comprehend all it details.

Christian conceptions Essay Example for Free

Christian conceptions Essay Baldassare Castiglione’s work â€Å"The Courtier† has similar conceptions of grace and love when compared to with Christian conceptions. Baldassare Castiliogne characterizes the courtiers of Urbino as omini per virtu singulari (IV, 2, 446: men singular in worth[286]), emphasizing their grace and virtue they were able to exhibit throughout the entire passage. This also reflects the ways they were able to entice the imagination of the readers and make their (readers) minds more creative. Castiglione writes about the Urbino court and its inhabitants as a kind of ideal place where grace and virtue was heavily practiced. Most of the courtiers and ladies in the court possess only minor character flaws and petty foibles. In his writing, he idealizes them as civilized and perfectly restrained individuals who are devoid of serious personal vices and defects. In a sense, Castiglione wants to present them as ideal types, as the onorati esempi di virtu (IV, 2, 448: honored models of worthiness[287]) as can be read from his prologues where moral fortitude, scholarship and genuine love should emulate and be exuded by the readers even after reading the entire piece. The following excerpt from â€Å"The Courtier† shows that Lord Guidobaldo has lived an exemplary life worth of emulation by the other inhabitants. â€Å"When lord Guidobaldo di Montefeltro, duke of Urbino, passed from this life, I together with several other knights who had served him remained in the service of duke Francesco Maria della Rovere, heir and successor to Guidobaldos state; and as in my mind there remained fresh the odor of duke Guidos virtues and the satisfaction which I in those years had felt from the loving company of such excellent persons, as then frequented the court of Urbino†. (Letter, 1, 67-8) Castigliones goal in his work was to set his statements of praise for Urbino and its inhabitants in general and conventional terms. He did not cite the military exploits or civic triumphs of a character he praises, instead, he celebrates all of them for their virtu, (virtue) their ingegno, (ingenuity) their ottime qualit (high dignity). Instead, Castiliogne characterizes these exploits as a collective victory for the person he is giving life to. This also gives life to the colorful sceneries and animations to the story as this draws the attention of the readers. Castiliogne pursues the elevation of Urbinos image to an exemplary moral excellence and its value for posterity. In his first two prologues, Castiglione highlights the superiority of Urbinos inhabitants. In the prologue to Book III, Castiglione states that if Urbinos pastimes convince him of its excellence, he should be able to imagine easily how much greater the courtiers virtuous actions were (III, 1, 336). In the last prologue, Castiglione praises the courtiers directly as omini per virtu singulari (IV, 2, 446: men singular in worth[286]). He viewed the court as a paragon of moral exempla (IV, 2, 448: chiari ed onorati esempi di virtu). The court is presented as an ethical model not only to other existing courts at that time but also to the succeeding generations to come. Moreover, Castiglione confesses in the third prologue that he wrote his text carefully to faria vivere negli animi dei posteri (III, 1, 336: make it live in the mind of posterity[202]). Finally, as his culture upholds classical antiquity, he projects that the young and upcoming generation will envy his time because of the exemplary Urbino court. (III, 1, 336: forse per lavvenire non manchera chi per questo ancor porti invidia al secol nostro). Similarly, the virtues of grace and love which are present in Castiliogne’s work are also present in Christian morals and manners. Christian morals are a function of moral discernment and moral reasoning. For instance, James Gustafson stated that moral discernment refer to basic dispositions that are shaped in part by the faith and trust Christians have as they offer themselves up to God. Moreover, James Gustafson stated that the concept of moral discernment was related to moral reasoning. Gustafson explained that moral reasoning pertains to a character, or personal moral ability, which covers dispositions, traits, and actions of the moral agent. (Selnick, 1992). Castiliogne stated that the courtier is expected to serve and increase in favour with her Lady. He should instruct her in virtue and refrain from vice and dishonesty. He should speak truth all the time. This concern is evident in Christian morals and manners. According to Harring, the moral and religious value of our acts attains the peak level only when the fundamental option results in the conquest one’s energies and vision such that one’s motives and decisions come from the depth in which the Spirit moulds and guides. (Harring, 1978). Castiliogne exhorts the courtiers to be kind to their subordinates, to avoid flattery, to be wise in the relations with other states and to have good manners in speech and language. Moreover, the courtier must have â€Å"good utterance† and â€Å"sweet language† to the other personalities in the court and avoid offending other people. This exhortation finds a strong support in Christianity’s theological and ethical attention which has shifted away from the relations with the divine towards human relations to interpersonal human relations. (Post, 1990). This shift resulted in the sharp distinction between public activity and private relations. First, it highlighted the fact that the selfs relation with God does not necessarily impact on one’s neighbor. Second, it states that the divine intentions may not relate directly to an individual’s human flourishing. This re-evaluation of one’s faith highlights the moral dimensions of Christianity and renders faith as an essential and crucial aspect of living well. (Weaver, 2002) The old men then attack the change in customs in Urbino court which they perceive as reflective of moral decay. In response to this, Castiliogne countered that he is a judge who can state that there is no age, past or present that is either totally good or totally evil. Then in this excerpt, Castiliogne argued that it is the old men who have changed their behavior and not the courts. These old men lament their loss of youth, power, and vitality. This situation leads to nostalgia which distorts the truth about both past and present. This excerpt is as follows: ne dei passati piaceri riserva (lanimo) altro che una tenace memoria e la imagine di quel caro tempo della tenera eta, nella quale quando ci ritrovamo, ci pare che sempre il cielo e la terra ed ogni cosa faccia festa e rida intorno agli occhi nostri, e nel pensiero come in un delizioso e vago giardino fiorisca la dolce primavera dallegrezza. (The Courtier II, 1, 188) . . . and [the mind] retains of past pleasures merely a lingering memory and the image of that precious time of tender youth in which (while we are enjoying it), wherever we look, heaven and earth and everything appear merry and smiling, and the sweet springtime of happiness seems to flower in our thoughts as in a delightful and lovely garden. (The Courtier II, 1, 188) Similarly, Christian morality has shown interest in one’s personal ethical development. The flourishing of the self encompassing virtue ethics and spirituality reveals a post modern reassessment of the classical concepts and tools for reflecting on the selfs good. (Naussbam, 1994). Baldassare Castiliogne characterizes the courtiers of Urbino as omini per virtu singulari (IV, 2, 446: men singular in worth[286]), emphasizing their grace and virtue. Similarly, Christian morals and manners show the importance of all the human virtues required of the courtiers during the time of the Urbino court. The courtiers’ excellent speech, manners and deportment to their equals and subordinates exhibit a vivid example of their faith and their excellent human manners. Alongside the traditions and practices that the courtiers’ have shown, the author have clearly emphasized on the human manners that there should be equality among all others and in order to achieve a specific and unified goal, there should be subordination so that in the long run, there will be authority to be followed and rules are set on such manners. Works Cited: Castiglione, Baldassare. The Book of the Courtier. New york: Scribners Son, 1901. 7-439. James M. Gustafson, Moral Discernment in the Christian Life, in Gene H. Outka and Paul Ramsey, Norm and Context in Christian Ethics. New York: Charles Scribners Sons, 1968, p. 31. Haring, Bernard. Free and Faithful in Christ. New York: Seabury Press: A Crossroads Book, 1978, p. 85. Kolsky, Stephen D. Old Men in a New World: Morello da Ortona in the Cortegiano. Italica 75 (1998): 336-448. Long, Edward Leroy. A Survey of Recent Christian Ethics. New York: Oxford University Press, 1982. Martha Nussbaum. The Therapy of Desire: Theory and Practice in Hellenistic Ethics. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1994. Post, Stephen. A Theory of Agape: On the Meaning of Christian Love. Lewisburg, PA: Bucknell University Press, 1990. Selnick, Philip. The Moral Commonwealth: Social Theory and the Promise of Community. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1992, p. 361. Weaver, Darlene. Self Love and Christian Ethics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2002. Webhorn, Wayne. Courtly Performances Masking and Festivity in Castigliones Book in the Courtier. University of Texas at Austin, 1978.